Cartografando controvérsias na implantação da estratégia e-sus atenção básica a Saúde em Minas Gerais / Cartografía de las controversias en la implementación de la estrategia para la Atención Primaria de Salud en Minas Gerais / Mapping controversies in the implementation of the strategy for Primary Health Care in Minas Gerais

O estudo teve o objetivo de cartografar controvérsias relacionadas à rede de atores na implantação de uma estratégia de informatização da Atenção Básica a Saúde, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa fundamentado na Teoria Ator-Rede. Como referencial metodológico utilizou-se a Cartografia de Controvérsias. Entrevistamos 16 porta-vozes (profissionais de saúde, gestores e técnicos de informática) envolvidos com a implantação da estratégia em um município da região oeste de Minas Gerais. Realizamos observação participante e coleta de 43 documentos ao seguir os porta-vozes durante o processo de implantação no período de Janeiro de 2018 a Abril de 2019. Mapeamos como controvérsia central a decisão em utilizar ou não o sistema próprio municipal em detrimento de outra tecnologia. Outros desdobramentos emergiram: controvérsias éticas; controvérsias diante do processo de integração das informações entre o sistema próprio municipal e os sistemas de software governamentais; controvérsias nas unidades básicas durante a implantação da estratégia de informatização relacionadas às fragilidades estruturais e sobrecarga de trabalho dos profissionais. Ainda constatamos traduções relacionadas ao ato de não planejar e não decidir a partir dos dados armazenados nos sistemas, além de incertezas sobre a responsabilização em alimentar os sistemas de software. Conclui-se que há uma controvérsia central (a decisão em implantar a tecnologia) envolvendo uma rede de atores humanos e não-humanos mobilizando decisões, conflitos e acordos, bem como há desdobramentos (outras controvérsias) que acabam por influenciar a informatização(AU)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear controversias relacionadas con la red de actores en la implementación de una estrategia de informatización para la Atención Primaria de Salud, en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría Actor-Red. Como marco metodológico se utilizó la cartografía de controversias. Fueron entrevistados 16 voceros (profesionales de la salud, gerentes y técnicos en computación) involucrados en la implementación de la estrategia en un municipio de la región occidental de Minas Gerais. Se recolectaron 43 documentos durante el proceso de implementación de enero del año 2018 hasta abril de 2019. Como controversia central se mapeó la decisión de usar o no el propio sistema municipal a expensas de otras tecnologías. Surgieron las siguientes controversias: éticas; sobre el proceso de integración de información entre el propio sistema municipal y los sistemas de software del gobierno; y en las unidades básicas durante la implementación de la estrategia de informatización relacionada con las debilidades estructurales y la sobrecarga de trabajo de los profesionales. Aún encontramos traducciones relacionadas con el acto de no planificar y no decidir a partir de los datos almacenados en los sistemas, además de incertidumbres sobre la responsabilidad de alimentar los sistemas de software. Se concluye que existe una controversia central (la decisión de implantar la tecnología) que involucra a una red de actores humanos y no humanos que movilizan decisiones, conflictos y acuerdos, así como también hay desarrollos (otras controversias) que terminan por influir en la informatización(AU)

The study aimed to map controversies related to the network of actors in the implementation of a computerization strategy for Primary Health Care, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. It was a qualitative study based on the Actor-Network Theory. As a methodological framework, Controversy Cartography was used. We interviewed 16 spokespersons (health professionals, managers and computer technicians) involved with the implementation of the strategy in a municipality in the Western region of Minas Gerais. We conducted participant observation and collected 43 documents when following the spokespersons during the implementation process from January 2018 to April 2019. We map as a central controversy the decision to use or not the municipal system itself at the expense of other technology. Other developments have emerged: ethical controversies; controversies regarding the process of integrating information between the municipal system itself and government software systems; controversies in basic units during the implementation of the computerization strategy related to structural weaknesses and work overload of professionals. We still found translations related to the act of not planning and not deciding from the data stored in the systems, in addition to uncertainties about the responsibility to feed the software systems. It is concluded that there is a central controversy (the decision to implant the technology) involving a network of human and non-human actors mobilizing decisions, conflicts and agreements, as well as there are developments (other controversies) that end up influencing computerization(AU)

Factors related to the adoption of the Brazilian National Immunization Program Information System.

BACKGROUND: One way to optimize the adoption and use of technological innovations is to understand how those involved perceive, assess and decide to use them. This study aims to analyze the attributes that influence the adoption and use of the Brazilian National Immunization Program Information System (NIPIS) from the perspective of vaccination room workers. METHODS: This is a mixed method research, and a quantitative cross-sectional analytical study, with concomitant triangulation of data, carried out in a region of Brazil by using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. We used a questionnaire with 183 nursing professionals who work at vaccination rooms in 12 municipalities. To test the research model, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and SmartPLS 2.3.0 have been applied to estimate the model. The qualitative research had a descriptive-exploratory character, using interviews (n = 18) analyzed through thematic analysis. RESULTS: The model proposed showed a mean correlation between the perceived attributes in the adoption and use of NIPIS. The results of the multiple regression indicated that the attributes "relative advantage" and "image" have a significant effect at 5% level (T > 1.97), positively influence the adoption and use of NIPIS; the attribute "voluntary use" negatively influences the adoption and use of the system; the attributes "experimentation", "compatibility", "profitability", and "ease of use" did not influence the adoption and use of NIPIS. Emphasis has been placed on aspects that weaken the adoption and use of NIPIS such as lack of good quality internet and resistance to use the technology by some professionals. Workers perceive the importance of NIPIS for the municipality and point out that technological innovation provides data at an individual level, inserted in real time, which makes it possible to assess vaccination coverage. Lack of an unstable internet compromises data release due to system slowness. CONCLUSIONS: The mixed method allowed an in-depth analysis of the adoption and use of NIPIS in the Western Health Macroregion of Minas Gerais State, and similarities were observed in the results. The attribute "relative advantage" is the one that most influences the adoption and use of NIPIS, which is the strongest predictor of innovation adoption rate.

National Immunization Program Information System: implementation context assessment.

BACKGROUND: The National Immunization Program Information System (SIPNI - Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunização) in Brazil is a technological innovation management tool that enhances the performance of managers and health professionals in the evaluation and monitoring of immunization activities. In the country, the decentralization of the System is at an advanced stage, but it still faces challenges regarding its operation and use, impacting on its results. This study aims to evaluate the deployment of SIPNI in the state of Minas Gerais, in 2017. METHOD: Cross-section study performed in Primary Healthcare vaccination rooms in 54 municipalities in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, in 2017. A multidimensional questionnaire was used with nursing professionals who work in vaccination rooms, containing questions about the structure (presence of an internet-connected computer, instruction manual, software version, IT professional for technical support, trained healthcare professional, use of communication channels to obtain system information) and the process (activities performed by the staff to operate the immunization information system) of their work. Those questions refer to the components of the information system: system management, immunized-patient records, and Movement of Immunobiological. Implementation Degree (ID) was defined by a score system with different weights for each criterion, according to the importance level observed in it, with a rating of: adequate, partially adequate, inadequate and critically inadequate. For data analysis, median was used as the summary measure, and Pearson's Chi-Squared Test was used for proportion comparison. RESULTS: Municipal SIPNI is not adequately implemented and that results mainly from the actions performed in health service units, indicating problems in the use of technology by professionals working in vaccination rooms. The structure was better evaluated than the process, presenting IDs of 70.9 and 59.5%, respectively. Insufficient internet access, inadequate use of communication channels, and lack of professional qualification were some of the identified structural issues. "Movement of Immunobiological" was the best-ranked component (ID = 68.5%), followed by "immunized patient records" (ID = 59.3%) and "SIPNI management" (ID = 50.7%). Partial performance of SIPNI is independent of population size in the municipality and of FSH coverage. CONCLUSIONS: SIPNI is still an underutilized technological innovation. There are challenges that must be overcome, such as implementation of the final web version, internet connectivity, and capabilities aimed at the use of information generated by technology. Nevertheless, perspectives regarding SIPNI are positive, with functionalities to optimize activities in vaccination rooms.